Noopept (10mg)

# Noopept (GVS-111) - Cognitive Research Compound

## SCIENTIFIC OVERVIEW
Noopept (N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester) is a synthetic dipeptide nootropic compound developed in Russia in the 1990s. Structurally related to the racetam family (particularly piracetam) through its putative metabolite cycloprolylglycine, this compound has been extensively studied in cognitive neuroscience, neuroprotection research, and memory mechanism investigations.

## RESEARCH APPLICATIONS
Laboratory studies have explored Noopept for:
- AMPA receptor modulation research
- NMDA receptor pathway analysis
- NGF (nerve growth factor) and BDNF expression studies
- Neuroprotective mechanism research (oxidative stress, excitotoxicity)
- Long-term potentiation (LTP) mechanism studies
- Acetylcholine neurotransmission research
- Hippocampal neuroplasticity analysis
- Memory consolidation and retrieval pathway studies
- Neuroinflammation and cytokine modulation
- Cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilization research
- Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline models

## PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
- **Purity:** ≥99% (HPLC Verified)
- **Form:** White Crystalline Powder
- **Chemical Name:** N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester
- **Molecular Formula:** C₁₇H₂₂N₂O₄
- **Molecular Weight:** 318.37 g/mol
- **CAS Number:** 157115-85-0
- **Appearance:** White to off-white powder
- **Solubility:** DMSO, ethanol, limited water solubility
- **Storage:** Room temperature (15-30°C), protected from moisture
- **Shelf Life:** 36 months in sealed container

## QUALITY CONTROL
✓ HPLC purity ≥99%  
✓ NMR spectroscopy structural confirmation  
✓ Mass spectrometry verification  
✓ Melting point determination  
✓ Residual solvents testing  
✓ Heavy metals screening (ICP-MS)  
✓ Microbiological testing  
✓ Moisture content: <0.5%  

## MECHANISM OF ACTION (Research Context)
Scientific literature indicates Noopept affects multiple neurobiological pathways:

**Glutamatergic Modulation:**
- AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulation
- NMDA receptor interaction (non-competitive modulation)
- Glutamate neurotransmission optimization

**Neurotrophic Factors:**
- Increases NGF mRNA and protein (hippocampus, cortex)
- Upregulates BDNF expression
- Enhances neurotrophin signaling cascades

**Neuroprotection:**
- Antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging)
- Anti-apoptotic effects (reduces neuronal death)
- Calcium homeostasis regulation
- Mitochondrial function preservation

**Cholinergic System:**
- Enhances acetylcholine neurotransmission
- Modulates nicotinic and muscarinic receptor sensitivity
- Affects choline acetyltransferase activity

**Anti-Inflammatory:**
- Reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β)
- Modulates microglial activation
- Attenuates neuroinflammatory responses

## METABOLITES
Noopept is rapidly metabolized to:
- **Cycloprolylglycine (CPG):** Primary active metabolite
- **Phenylacetic acid:** Secondary metabolite

CPG is structurally related to endogenous neuropeptides and may contribute to biological activity.

## PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES (Research Models)
- **Absorption:** Rapid oral absorption in animal studies
- **Tmax:** 15-30 minutes (peak blood levels)
- **Half-life:** ~25 minutes (parent compound); CPG has longer half-life
- **Metabolism:** Hepatic and plasma esterases
- **BBB penetration:** Evidence of CNS penetration
- **Duration:** Effects may persist beyond plasma half-life (via CPG metabolite)

## COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
**vs. Piracetam:**
- 1000x more potent by weight in some assays
- Different structure (dipeptide vs. cyclic derivative)
- Faster onset in behavioral studies
- Shorter plasma half-life but potentially longer CNS effects

**vs. Semax:**
- Different structure and mechanism
- Noopept more glutamatergic-focused
- Both affect neurotrophic factors

**vs. Racetams (Aniracetam, Oxiracetam):**
- Similar AMPA modulation research
- Distinct chemical structure
- Different metabolic profiles

## DISSOLUTION PROTOCOL
Due to limited water solubility:
1. **DMSO:** Dissolves readily at 10-50 mg/mL
2. **Ethanol:** Soluble at 5-20 mg/mL
3. **Water + co-solvent:** Use small amount of DMSO, then dilute
4. **Suspension:** Can be suspended in methylcellulose for oral gavage

For cell culture research:
- Dissolve in DMSO at 10-100 mM stock
- Dilute into culture medium (final DMSO <0.1%)

## STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
- **Powder form:** Stable 36+ months at room temperature (sealed, dry)
- **Solution (DMSO):** Stable 6-12 months at -20°C
- **Aqueous solutions:** Use fresh; limited stability
- **Light:** Minimal photodegradation, but protect from direct sunlight
- **Moisture:** Keep desiccated; hygroscopic powder

## RESEARCH MODELS
Noopept has been studied in various paradigms:
- **Morris water maze** (spatial learning)
- **Passive avoidance** (fear-motivated memory)
- **Novel object recognition** (declarative memory)
- **Radial arm maze** (working memory)
- **Alzheimer's models** (Aβ-induced, scopolamine)
- **Ischemia/stroke models** (neuroprotection)
- **Aging models** (age-related cognitive decline)

## RESEARCH DOSING CONTEXT
Published literature reports wide dosing range:
- **In vitro:** 0.1-100 μM in cell culture
- **In vivo (rodents):** 0.2-10 mg/kg (oral, IP)
- **Duration:** Acute (single dose) to chronic (weeks-months)

Consult specific studies for detailed protocols based on research objectives.

## SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
First developed in 1996, Noopept has been studied in 100+ published papers. Research conducted primarily in Russia with increasing international investigation. Clinical trials conducted in Russia for cognitive impairment and post-stroke recovery.

## HANDLING & STORAGE
- Store at room temperature (15-30°C) in tightly sealed container
- Protect from moisture and humidity
- Use in well-ventilated area or fume hood
- Wear appropriate PPE (gloves, lab coat, eye protection)
- Avoid inhalation of powder
- Clean spills immediately with appropriate solvents
- Dispose according to institutional chemical waste protocols

## REGULATORY STATUS
Not FDA-approved for human use in the United States. Registered pharmaceutical in Russia (Ноопепт®) for cognitive disorders. In most jurisdictions, classified as research chemical for laboratory use only. Not a dietary supplement.

## FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY
This product is intended strictly for in-vitro research and laboratory animal studies. Not for human consumption or self-administration. Not a nootropic supplement or pharmaceutical product. Requires institutional oversight and appropriate research approvals.

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**DISCLAIMER:** By purchasing, you certify you are a qualified researcher conducting legitimate scientific investigation. Purchaser assumes all responsibility for safe handling, proper storage, and compliance with institutional chemical safety protocols, animal research ethics requirements, and applicable laws and regulations.