IGF-1 DES (5mg)

# IGF-1 DES (DES 1-3 IGF-I) - Research Peptide

## SCIENTIFIC OVERVIEW
IGF-1 DES is a truncated analog of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I lacking the first three N-terminal amino acids (glycine-proline-glutamic acid). This 67-amino acid variant exhibits dramatically reduced binding to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) while maintaining high IGF-1 receptor affinity, making it a valuable tool for localized tissue research and IGF-1R signaling studies.

## RESEARCH APPLICATIONS
Laboratory investigations include:
- Local tissue IGF-1R activation research
- Autocrine/paracrine signaling studies
- Muscle fiber hyperplasia mechanism research
- Satellite cell activation and proliferation studies
- Localized protein synthesis pathway analysis
- IGFBP-independent IGF signaling research
- Regional tissue repair mechanism studies
- Receptor binding kinetics analysis
- Comparative IGF isoform research

## PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
- **Purity:** ≥98% (RP-HPLC)
- **Form:** Lyophilized Powder
- **Sequence:** 67 amino acids (lacking N-terminal GPE)
- **Molecular Weight:** ~7,372 Da
- **Modification:** N-terminal truncation (residues 4-70 of native IGF-1)
- **CAS Number:** 112603-35-7
- **Appearance:** White sterile powder
- **Storage:** -20°C, protected from moisture
- **Reconstitution:** Acetic acid (0.1M) recommended
- **Shelf Life:** 24 months frozen; 21 days reconstituted at 4°C

## ANALYTICAL VERIFICATION
✓ RP-HPLC purity ≥98%  
✓ MALDI-TOF or ESI-MS confirmation  
✓ Amino acid sequencing verification  
✓ N-terminal sequencing (confirms truncation)  
✓ Peptide content: ≥90%  
✓ Endotoxin: <0.5 EU/mg (LAL)  
✓ Bioassay activity testing  
✓ IGFBP binding assay (confirms reduced affinity)  

## BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
**IGFBP Binding:** Approximately 90-95% reduced compared to native IGF-1, resulting in predominantly "free" bioavailable form

**IGF-1R Affinity:** Maintains or exceeds native IGF-1 receptor binding affinity (Kd ~0.5-1 nM)

**Potency:** Demonstrates 5-10x greater potency than native IGF-1 in certain cell culture systems due to IGFBP evasion

**Half-Life:** Very short (~20-30 minutes in vivo models) enabling localized effects with minimal systemic exposure

**Tissue Selectivity:** Preferentially affects local tissue due to limited circulation time

## RESEARCH MECHANISM
The DES variant's inability to bind IGFBPs results in:
- Immediate receptor availability (no IGFBP sequestration)
- Enhanced local tissue effects
- Reduced systemic distribution
- Rapid clearance from circulation
- Paracrine rather than endocrine signaling profile

## COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
**vs. Native IGF-1:**
- 10x reduced IGFBP-3 binding
- Enhanced local potency
- Shorter duration of action
- Greater regional specificity

**vs. IGF-1 LR3:**
- Shorter half-life (localized vs. systemic)
- Higher potency per mole
- Different research applications (local vs. general)

## RECONSTITUTION PROTOCOL
1. Use 0.1M acetic acid for optimal stability (pH 3-4)
2. Typical concentration: 0.1-0.5 mg/mL
3. Add diluent slowly down vial wall
4. Swirl gently to dissolve (avoid vigorous shaking)
5. Solution should be clear and colorless
6. Filter through 0.22μm if particulates present
7. Aliquot for single-use to maintain sterility

## CELL CULTURE APPLICATIONS
Commonly used in:
- Primary myoblast cultures
- Satellite cell activation studies
- Muscle fiber co-culture systems
- Localized tissue engineering research
- Wound healing models (topical application)

## STORAGE & STABILITY
- **Lyophilized powder:** -20°C, 24 months
- **Reconstituted (pH 3-4):** 2-8°C, 21 days
- **Aliquots:** -80°C for extended storage
- **Avoid:** Freeze-thaw cycles, neutral pH (degradation)

## SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
First characterized in the 1990s, IGF-1 DES has been utilized in over 150 published studies. Research demonstrates unique properties for localized growth factor research and tissue-specific IGF signaling investigation.

## HANDLING REQUIREMENTS
Requires sterile technique and appropriate biosafety containment. Use in chemical fume hood or biosafety cabinet. Wear gloves, lab coat, and eye protection. Dispose of materials according to institutional biohazard protocols.

## FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY
This product is intended exclusively for in-vitro research and laboratory animal studies under appropriate institutional oversight. Not for human consumption, clinical trials, or therapeutic use.

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**COMPLIANCE NOTICE:** Purchaser certifies they are a qualified researcher conducting legitimate scientific investigation. This compound is subject to institutional review and must be used in accordance with all applicable biosafety and regulatory requirements.