{"product_id":"nadplus-research-compound","title":"NAD+ (500mg)","description":"\u003cp\u003e# NAD⁺ - Research Grade Cofactor\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## SCIENTIFIC OVERVIEW\u003cbr\u003eNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is an essential pyridine nucleotide coenzyme found in all living cells. This critical redox cofactor participates in hundreds of enzymatic reactions including energy metabolism, DNA repair, gene expression, and cellular signaling. NAD⁺ serves as substrate for sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38\/CD157, making it central to aging and metabolic research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## RESEARCH APPLICATIONS\u003cbr\u003eLaboratory investigations include:\u003cbr\u003e- Sirtuin enzyme (SIRT1-7) activity research\u003cbr\u003e- PARP (poly-ADP-ribose polymerase) pathway studies\u003cbr\u003e- Mitochondrial respiration and ATP production research\u003cbr\u003e- Glycolysis and TCA cycle metabolism analysis\u003cbr\u003e- DNA repair mechanism studies (base excision repair)\u003cbr\u003e- Circadian rhythm and clock gene regulation research\u003cbr\u003e- NAD⁺\/NADH redox state measurements\u003cbr\u003e- Aging and cellular senescence mechanism research\u003cbr\u003e- Metabolic disease models (diabetes, obesity, NAFLD)\u003cbr\u003e- Neurodegenerative disease research (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's)\u003cbr\u003e- CD38 ectoenzyme and NAD⁺ degradation studies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS\u003cbr\u003e- **Purity:** ≥98% (HPLC Verified)\u003cbr\u003e- **Form:** White to Off-White Lyophilized Powder\u003cbr\u003e- **Grade:** Research Grade (Cell Culture Tested)\u003cbr\u003e- **Chemical Name:** β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form)\u003cbr\u003e- **Molecular Formula:** C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂\u003cbr\u003e- **Molecular Weight:** 663.43 g\/mol\u003cbr\u003e- **CAS Number:** 53-84-9\u003cbr\u003e- **Appearance:** White to cream-colored powder\u003cbr\u003e- **Solubility:** Water-soluble (up to 100 mg\/mL)\u003cbr\u003e- **Storage:** -20°C (freezer), desiccated and protected from light\u003cbr\u003e- **Shelf Life:** 24 months frozen; 7-14 days reconstituted at 2-8°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## QUALITY CONTROL\u003cbr\u003e✓ HPLC purity ≥98% (gradient method)  \u003cbr\u003e✓ UV spectrophotometry (λmax 260 nm, E₁% = 1780)  \u003cbr\u003e✓ Mass spectrometry confirmation  \u003cbr\u003e✓ NAD⁺\/NADH ratio verification (\u0026gt;99% oxidized form)  \u003cbr\u003e✓ Enzymatic activity assay (dehydrogenase substrate)  \u003cbr\u003e✓ Endotoxin: \u0026lt;0.1 EU\/mg (critical for cell culture)  \u003cbr\u003e✓ Heavy metals: \u0026lt;10 ppm  \u003cbr\u003e✓ pH: 3.0-4.0 (10 mg\/mL solution)  \u003cbr\u003e✓ Cell culture tested (no cytotoxicity at working concentrations)  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES\u003cbr\u003e**Redox Cofactor:**\u003cbr\u003e- Oxidized form (NAD⁺) accepts electrons (reduction → NADH)\u003cbr\u003e- Essential for cellular respiration (glycolysis, TCA, ETC)\u003cbr\u003e- NAD⁺\/NADH ratio critical metabolic indicator\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Enzyme Substrate:**\u003cbr\u003e- **Sirtuins:** NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases (aging research)\u003cbr\u003e- **PARPs:** NAD⁺-consuming DNA repair enzymes\u003cbr\u003e- **CD38\/CD157:** NADases that degrade NAD⁺\u003cbr\u003e- **SARM1:** NAD⁺ cleavage in axon degeneration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Cellular Concentrations:**\u003cbr\u003e- Typical cellular [NAD⁺]: 200-500 μM\u003cbr\u003e- Varies by tissue, cell type, and metabolic state\u003cbr\u003e- Declines with aging (key research focus)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## NAD⁺ METABOLISM RESEARCH\u003cbr\u003e**Biosynthesis Pathways:**\u003cbr\u003e- **De novo:** From tryptophan via kynurenine pathway\u003cbr\u003e- **Preiss-Handler:** From nicotinic acid (NA) via NAPRT\u003cbr\u003e- **Salvage:** From nicotinamide (NAM) via NAMPT (rate-limiting)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Degradation:**\u003cbr\u003e- Sirtuins → Nicotinamide (NAM) + deacetylated protein\u003cbr\u003e- PARPs → NAM + poly-ADP-ribose chains\u003cbr\u003e- CD38 → NAM, ADPR, cADPR (calcium signaling)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Boosting Strategies (Research Context):**\u003cbr\u003e- NAD⁺ precursors: NMN, NR, nicotinamide riboside\u003cbr\u003e- CD38 inhibitors (reduce degradation)\u003cbr\u003e- NAMPT activation (enhance salvage pathway)\u003cbr\u003e- Direct NAD⁺ supplementation (cell culture, limited in vivo absorption)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## RESEARCH APPLICATIONS BY FIELD\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Aging Research:**\u003cbr\u003e- Sirtuin activation and lifespan extension (model organisms)\u003cbr\u003e- NAD⁺ decline with age (mechanism and consequences)\u003cbr\u003e- Caloric restriction mimetics\u003cbr\u003e- Cellular senescence and SASP\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Metabolic Research:**\u003cbr\u003e- Insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis\u003cbr\u003e- Mitochondrial function and biogenesis\u003cbr\u003e- NAFLD and liver metabolism\u003cbr\u003e- Obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Neuroscience:**\u003cbr\u003e- Neurodegeneration models (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS)\u003cbr\u003e- Axon degeneration and SARM1 pathway\u003cbr\u003e- Neuroprotection mechanisms\u003cbr\u003e- Synaptic plasticity and LTP\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Cancer Research:**\u003cbr\u003e- PARP inhibitor sensitization\u003cbr\u003e- Metabolic vulnerabilities\u003cbr\u003e- DNA damage response\u003cbr\u003e- Tumor metabolism\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Cardiovascular Research:**\u003cbr\u003e- Endothelial function\u003cbr\u003e- Cardiac aging and heart failure\u003cbr\u003e- Ischemia-reperfusion injury\u003cbr\u003e- Vascular dysfunction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## CELL CULTURE PROTOCOLS\u003cbr\u003e**Typical Concentrations:**\u003cbr\u003e- **Supplementation:** 0.1-5 mM (culture medium)\u003cbr\u003e- **Enzymatic assays:** 0.5-2 mM\u003cbr\u003e- **Mitochondrial function:** 0.5-1 mM\u003cbr\u003e- **Sirtuin activation:** 0.5-2 mM\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Important Considerations:**\u003cbr\u003e- NAD⁺ membrane permeability limited (variable by cell type)\u003cbr\u003e- May require extended incubation (24-72 hrs)\u003cbr\u003e- Some studies use NAD⁺ precursors (NMN, NR) for better uptake\u003cbr\u003e- Monitor for potential cytotoxicity at high concentrations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## RECONSTITUTION \u0026amp; STORAGE\u003cbr\u003e1. **Powder storage:** -20°C, desiccated, protected from light\u003cbr\u003e2. **Reconstitution:** Use sterile water or PBS\u003cbr\u003e3. **Working concentration:** 10-100 mM stock solutions\u003cbr\u003e4. **pH adjustment:** May need buffering (NAD⁺ solutions acidic)\u003cbr\u003e5. **Stability:** Use fresh; NAD⁺ degrades over days at 4°C\u003cbr\u003e6. **Aliquoting:** Single-use aliquots recommended (avoid freeze-thaw)\u003cbr\u003e7. **Light sensitivity:** Protect from light (amber tubes, foil wrap)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Stability Notes:**\u003cbr\u003e- NAD⁺ is relatively unstable in solution\u003cbr\u003e- Degrades to ADP-ribose and nicotinamide\u003cbr\u003e- Enzymatic degradation by NADases if contaminated\u003cbr\u003e- Freeze-thaw accelerates degradation\u003cbr\u003e- Most stable at pH 3-5 but can be buffered for cell culture\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## ANALYTICAL METHODS\u003cbr\u003e**Quantification:**\u003cbr\u003e- **UV spectrophotometry:** A260 (simple, fast)\u003cbr\u003e- **HPLC:** RP-HPLC or ion-pair (separates NAD⁺ from contaminants)\u003cbr\u003e- **Enzymatic cycling assays:** Highly sensitive (pmol detection)\u003cbr\u003e- **LC-MS\/MS:** Gold standard for biological samples\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**NAD⁺\/NADH Ratio:**\u003cbr\u003e- Critical metabolic indicator\u003cbr\u003e- Enzymatic cycling methods\u003cbr\u003e- Genetic biosensors (in live cells)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## COMPARATIVE NAD⁺ PRECURSORS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**NAD⁺ (This Product):**\u003cbr\u003e- Direct coenzyme form\u003cbr\u003e- Limited oral bioavailability\u003cbr\u003e- Excellent for cell culture\u003cbr\u003e- Immediate substrate availability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide):**\u003cbr\u003e- One enzymatic step from NAD⁺\u003cbr\u003e- Better cell permeability\u003cbr\u003e- Popular precursor in aging research\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**NR (Nicotinamide Riboside):**\u003cbr\u003e- Vitamin B3 analog\u003cbr\u003e- Good oral bioavailability\u003cbr\u003e- Phosphorylated to NMN, then NAD⁺\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Nicotinamide (NAM):**\u003cbr\u003e- Sirtuin inhibitor (feedback)\u003cbr\u003e- Salvage pathway substrate\u003cbr\u003e- Less effective NAD⁺ booster\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Nicotinic Acid (Niacin):**\u003cbr\u003e- Vitamin B3\u003cbr\u003e- Preiss-Handler pathway\u003cbr\u003e- Causes flushing (GPR109A activation)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## RESEARCH DOSING CONTEXT\u003cbr\u003e**In vitro (cell culture):**\u003cbr\u003e- 0.1-5 mM typical range\u003cbr\u003e- 24-72 hour incubation common\u003cbr\u003e- Dose-response experiments recommended\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**In vivo (animal models):**\u003cbr\u003e- Oral NAD⁺ has limited bioavailability\u003cbr\u003e- IP injection: 100-500 mg\/kg (some studies)\u003cbr\u003e- Precursors (NMN, NR) more commonly used for in vivo\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE\u003cbr\u003eNAD⁺ research spans over a century:\u003cbr\u003e- **1906:** First discovered (Harden and Young)\u003cbr\u003e- **1930s-40s:** Role in glycolysis and respiration\u003cbr\u003e- **1950s-60s:** DNA repair (PARP discovery)\u003cbr\u003e- **2000s:** Sirtuins and aging (Guarente lab)\u003cbr\u003e- **2010s+:** NAD⁺ decline in aging, boosting strategies, therapeutic potential\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThousands of publications; foundational to biochemistry and metabolism research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## HANDLING \u0026amp; STORAGE\u003cbr\u003e- Store powder at -20°C in tightly sealed, desiccated container\u003cbr\u003e- Protect from light at all times (photodegradation)\u003cbr\u003e- Use clean, dry spatula for handling powder\u003cbr\u003e- Prepare solutions fresh when possible\u003cbr\u003e- Aliquot stocks for single-use\u003cbr\u003e- Wear appropriate PPE (gloves, lab coat, eye protection)\u003cbr\u003e- Dispose according to institutional chemical waste protocols\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## REGULATORY STATUS\u003cbr\u003eNAD⁺ is an endogenous metabolite and research reagent. Not FDA-approved as a pharmaceutical for NAD⁺ boosting. Available as research-grade chemical. Some NAD⁺ precursors (NR) marketed as dietary supplements, but this product is for research only.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e## FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY\u003cbr\u003eThis product is intended strictly for in-vitro research, enzymatic assays, cell culture studies, and biochemical investigations. Not for human consumption or clinical use. Not a dietary supplement, anti-aging product, or pharmaceutical.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e---\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**DISCLAIMER:** By purchasing, you certify you are a qualified researcher conducting legitimate scientific investigation in biochemistry, metabolism, aging, or related fields. Purchaser assumes all responsibility for safe handling, proper storage, and compliance with institutional chemical safety protocols and applicable regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Halo Labs","offers":[{"title":"Standard","offer_id":42975181570257,"sku":null,"price":149.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0668\/4511\/4577\/files\/ghk-cu__9_-removebg-preview.png?v=1771451392","url":"https:\/\/halolabs.us\/products\/nadplus-research-compound","provider":"Halo Labs","version":"1.0","type":"link"}